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Business Loan Collateral: What Lenders Accept & When It's Required

Collateral is an asset you pledge to secure a loan. If you default, the lender can seize it. Here's what you need to know about collateral requirements.

Michael Chen, CFA

Business Finance Expert

Updated February 2, 202610 min read

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Types of Collateral Lenders Accept

Real Estate

Commercial property, residential property (for SBA loans). Most valuable collateral type.

LTV: 70-80%

Equipment & Vehicles

Machinery, trucks, manufacturing equipment. Self-collateralizing for equipment loans.

LTV: 50-80%

Inventory

Raw materials, finished goods, work-in-progress. Value depends on liquidity.

LTV: 50-70%

Accounts Receivable

Outstanding invoices from creditworthy customers. Common in factoring.

LTV: 70-90%

Collateral Requirements by Loan Type

Loan TypeCollateral Required?Personal Guarantee?
SBA 7(a) Over $25KUsually YesYes
SBA 504 LoansRequiredYes
Bank Term LoansOften YesUsually
Online Term LoansOften NoSometimes
Equipment FinancingEquipment = CollateralSometimes
Business Line of CreditDependsUsually
Merchant Cash AdvanceNoSometimes

Unsecured Business Loans (No Collateral)

Some financing options don't require collateral:

  • Business credit cards
  • Online short-term loans (higher rates)
  • Merchant cash advances
  • SBA Microloans under $50K
  • Unsecured lines of credit (strong credit required)

Note: Unsecured loans typically have higher interest rates and may still require a personal guarantee.

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